Participants will explore the critical role of biological processes and microbial activity in the treatment of industrial effluents. As industries continue to expand, the need for effective and sustainable wastewater treatment solutions becomes increasingly vital. This course delves into the science behind using microorganisms to degrade pollutants and treat wastewater, offering a comprehensive understanding of both conventional and advanced biological treatment methods. By the end of the course, participants will be capable of relating to these processes in practical contexts. This heightened understanding will enable them to conduct root cause analyses, particularly in addressing upset conditions, thereby facilitating compliance with effluent standards.